Ask students how the two are alike and different. Display or hold up the small and large squares.Vertex - A point of intersection for lines or segments. Trapezoid - A quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides. Surface area - The total sum of all the surfaces of a three-dimensional object. Square - A rectangle where all four sides are the same length. Sphere - A three-dimensional object where every point is the same distance from the center. Similar figures - Similar figures have the same shape, but different sizes. Rhombus - A rhombus is a parallelogram where all four sides are the same length. Rhomboid - A rhomboid is a parallelogram where the adjacent sides are not equal. Regular polygon - A polygon where all of the sides have the same length and all of the angles are equal in measure. Rectangle - A quadrilateral, or four sided polygon, with four right angles. Radius - A line segment from the center of a circle to the outside border. It is a 2 + b 2 = c 2 where a and b are two sides of the right triangle and c is the hypotenuse. Pythagorean theorem - A formula used to calculate the length of the sides in a right triangle. Prism - A three-dimensional object with ends that are parallel and congruent as well as sides that are parallelograms. Polyhedron - A three-dimensional object composed of flat faces and straight lines. See the polygon page for more on polygons. Polygons with different numbers of sides have their own names. Polygon - A closed figure made up of straight lines. It goes on forever but can be shortened to 3.14159. Pi - A special constant number used for figuring the circumference and diameter of a circle. Perimeter - The distance around the outside of a two dimensional figure. Opposite sides are the same length and opposite angles are equal in a parallelogram. Parallelogram - A quadrilateral with two sets of parallel sides. Open figure - A two-dimensional object that is not closed. Irregular polygon - A polygon with sides of all different lengths and angles of all different degrees. It is the side opposite from the right angle. Hypotenuse - The longest side of a right triangle. A square and an equilateral triangle are equiangular.įace - One side or plane of a three dimensional object. The circle is a special type of ellipse.Įquiangular - When all angles inside a polygon are the same, it is said to be equiangular. For more detailed information and diagrams on specific shapes see the Polygons,Īrc - A portion of the circumference of a circle.Ĭenter - In a circle, the center is the point that is the same distance from all points on the circumference.Ĭhord - Any line that connects two points on the circumference of a circle.Ĭircle - A simple shape made up of all the points on a plane that are the same distance from a single point.Ĭircumference - The perimeter of a circle or the distance around the outside of a circle.Ĭlosed figure - Any figure that has the same start and end point is a closed figure.Ĭoncentric - Objects with the same center are considered concentric.Ĭone - A three dimensional object that has a flat circular base that tapers to a single point.Ĭongruent - Figures are said to be congruent if they have the same shape and size.Ĭube - A cube is a three dimensional object bound by six identical squares.Ĭylinder - A cylinder is a three dimensional object with two parallel bases (which are usually circles) connected by a curved surface.ĭiameter - A line segment that passes through the center of a circle with each end point being on the circumference.Įllipse - An ellipse is a closed curve where the distance from two fixed points to any point on the curve add to the same constant.
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